状语从句讲解 英语语法 五——状语从句讲解与练习
状语从句讲解
上期答案在最下方哟由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever,after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或themoment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers werehaving a meeting. He started as soonas he received the news. Once you see him,you will never forget him. No sooner had I goneto bed than I went to sleep.（二）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。 e.g. He isdisappointed because he didn’t get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark whereyou have a question.（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought thebook in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early incase he should miss the train.（五）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 e.g. She was ill, sothat she didn’t attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, ifonly ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 e.g. If he isnot in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（据我所知）, he will beaway for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away fromthe river bank. If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.（七）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。 e.g. Though he is achild, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way,rather than等引导。 e.g. You must do theexercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more themore等引导。 e.g. I have made alot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题 1.在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. Well go outingif it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2.有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的主语 + be部分。 e.g. When (he was)still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again. 3.注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。 e.g. You are to findit where you left it.（地点状语从句） Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词） I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句） Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句） This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）巩固练习：用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things.2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love andrespect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with hisclassmates.9. Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be.13. Now that you’ve come, you’d better have dinner withus.14. He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan.17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up withthe other classmates.
答案与简析：1—6ABDCBC 7—-9B DDC10. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为”such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as”引导的定语从句，意为”……像……一样的”。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。11. A。由so interesting astory = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。12. A13. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。14. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。15. B。Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选Ａ，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。16. A。当先行词为the first time,the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。17. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或in which, 也可省略。
